The science of health & nutrition

We use a wide range of sources to provide you with the most accurate and up-to-date information. Our content is based on scientific research, expert opinions, and guidelines from health authorities. We strive to ensure that our content is accurate, reliable, and trustworthy. We recommend that you consult with a qualified healthcare professional before making any changes to your diet, exercise routine, or lifestyle. Here is the list of sources we use:

Sources used in the Crunchly App

• Indicator Amino Acid-Derived Estimate of Dietary Protein Requirement for Male Bodybuilders on a Nontraining Day Is Several-Fold Greater than the Current Recommended Dietary Allowance
• Evidence that protein requirements have been significantly underestimated
• Mechanisms and nutritional significance of metabolic responses to altered intakes of protein and amino acids, with reference to nutritional adaptation in humans
• Reevaluation of the protein requirement in young men with the indicator amino acid oxidation technique
• Dietary Protein Requirement of Men >65 Years Old Determined by the Indicator Amino Acid Oxidation Technique Is Higher than the Current Estimated Average Requirement
• Dietary protein requirement of female adults >65 years determined by the indicator amino acid oxidation technique is higher than current recommendations
• Assessment of protein requirement in octogenarian women with use of the indicator amino acid oxidation technique
• Indicator amino acid oxidation: concept and application
• Sexual dimorphism in skeletal muscle protein turnover
• The response of muscle protein synthesis following whole-body resistance exercise is greater following 40 g than 20 g of ingested whey protein
• Estimation of energy expenditure using prediction equations in overweight and obese adults: a systematic review
• Validity of predictive equations to estimate RMR in females with varying BMI
• Accuracy of Resting Metabolic Rate Prediction Equations in Athletes
• Nutrition Recommendations for Bodybuilders in the Off-Season: A Narrative Review
• International Society of Sports Nutrition Position Stand: protein and exercise
• Protein Requirements Are Increased in Endurance-Trained Athletes but Similar between Females and Males during Postexercise Recovery
• Effect of dietary protein content on weight gain, energy expenditure, and body composition during overeating: a randomized controlled trial
• Macronutrient considerations for the sport of bodybuilding
• American College of Sports Medicine position stand. Progression models in resistance training for healthy adults
• Dietary Treatment of Obesity
• Metabolic Adaptations to Weight Loss: A Brief Review
• Control of Energy Expenditure in Humans
• Factors Affecting Weight & Health
• Defining the Optimal Dietary Approach for Safe, Effective and Sustainable Weight Loss in Overweight and Obese Adults
• Establishing energy requirements for body weight maintenance: validation of an intake-balance method
• Optimal Diet Strategies for Weight Loss and Weight Loss Maintenance
• Steps for Losing Weight
• NIH Aim for a Healthy Weight
• History of the calorie in nutrition
• Measurement of energy expenditure
• "Calories in, calories out" and macronutrient intake: the hope, hype, and science of calories
• CHAPTER 3: CALCULATION OF THE ENERGY CONTENT OF FOODS - ENERGY CONVERSION FACTORS
• The thermodynamic efficiency of ATP synthesis in oxidative phosphorylation
• Weight-Loss and Maintenance Strategies
• Tips to help you lose weight
• Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2020-2025
• Metabolic consequences of overfeeding in humans
• Energy expenditure during overfeeding
• Metabolic response to experimental overfeeding in lean and overweight healthy volunteers
• Overfeeding and energy expenditure in humans
• Measurement of ad libitum food intake, physical activity, and sedentary time in response to overfeeding
• Effect of dietary protein content on weight gain, energy expenditure, and body composition during overeating: a randomized controlled trial
• https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24636238/
• Comparison of predictive equations for resting metabolic rate in healthy nonobese and obese adults: a systematic review
• A new predictive equation for resting energy expenditure in healthy individuals
• Self-monitoring and eating-related behaviors are associated with 12-month weight loss in postmenopausal overweight-to-obese women
• Self-monitoring in weight loss: a systematic review of the literature
• Portion distortion: typical portion sizes selected by young adults
• Visual exposure to large and small portion sizes and perceptions of portion size normality: Three experimental studies
• Portion size and intended consumption. Evidence for a pre-consumption portion size effect in males?
• Financial incentive for diet recall accuracy does not affect reported energy intake or number of underreporters in a sample of overweight females
• Misreporting of energy and micronutrient intake estimated by food records and 24 hour recalls, control and adjustment methods in practice
• Underreporting of energy intake from a self-administered food-frequency questionnaire completed by adults in Montreal
• Energy intake and energy expenditure: a controlled study comparing dietitians and non-dietitians
• The effect of practical portion size measurement aids on the accuracy of portion size estimates made by young adults
• Healthy Weight and Growth

Sources used in the Gutly App

• Advancements in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Narrative Review of Diagnostics, Management, Epidemiology, Prevalence, Patient Outcomes, Quality of Life, and Clinical Presentation
• Inflammatory bowel disease is causally related to irritable bowel syndrome: a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization study
• Efficacy of the low FODMAP diet for treating irritable bowel syndrome: the evidence to date
• The low FODMAP diet in clinical practice: where are we and what are the long-term considerations?
• Gut, Microbes and Health
• Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)
• Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)
• A human gut microbial gene catalogue established by metagenomic sequencing
• Human Microbiome Project (HMP)
• The impact of the gut microbiota on human health: an integrative view
• What are the consequences of the disappearing human microbiota?
• Unravelling the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease.
• Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders: History, Pathophysiology, Clinical Features and Rome IV
• Irritable bowel syndrome: a clinical review
• Treatment for Irritable Bowel Syndrome
• Efficacy of antidepressants and psychological therapies in irritable bowel syndrome: systematic review and meta-analysis
• A diet low in FODMAPs reduces symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome
• The low FODMAP diet: recent advances in understanding its mechanisms and efficacy in IBS
• Low FODMAP Diet: Evidence, Doubts, and Hopes
• Gut/brain axis and the microbiota
• Role of the microbiota in immunity and inflammation
• The microbiota in adaptive immune homeostasis and disease
• Mind-altering microorganisms: the impact of the gut microbiota on brain and behaviour
• Mayo Clinic - Dietary fiber: Essential for a healthy diet
• Healthline - Why Is Fiber Good for You? The Crunchy Truth
• NHS - How to get more fibre into your diet
• UCSF Health - Increasing Fiber Intake