How the calculation works
For each scenario, the starting dose is multiplied by two raised to the negative number of elapsed half-lives. After one half-life, 50% remains; after two, 25%; after three, 12.5%.
The tool compares two, four, and eight hours. EFSA describes about four hours as an adult average and roughly two to eight hours as a typical range. An older National Academies review reports wider individual values.
Sources: European Food Safety Authority, National Academies Press via NCBI Bookshelf.
Getting a useful starting dose
Use the caffeine amount printed on the product or published by the manufacturer. Coffee and tea vary by preparation and serving size, so a generic preset is only an example.
The tool accepts one dose at a time. Run each drink separately when you have several, then add the estimates for the same target time because their remaining amounts overlap.
Sources: U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
How to interpret the result
The number is estimated caffeine remaining, not a blood concentration and not a prediction of whether you will sleep. Compare scenarios and look for decisions that stay sensible across the range.
Public-health daily-intake guidance answers a different question. EFSA notes that even 100 mg close to bedtime may affect sleep in some adults.
Sources: European Food Safety Authority.
Important limits
The model assumes the full dose is immediately available and omits the absorption phase. It also has no information about your metabolism, medicines, health conditions, pregnancy-related clearance, tolerance, sensitivity, or the true dose of an unmeasured drink.
The result is unsuitable for overdose, medication, pregnancy, driving, or other safety decisions. Speak with a qualified professional for personal medical guidance.
If the amount was large or unknown, or symptoms are severe, seek urgent help from local medical or poison-control services.
Sources: U.S. Food and Drug Administration, European Food Safety Authority.
Sources
- 01Spilling the Beans: How Much Caffeine is Too Much?U.S. Food and Drug Administration
- 02Caffeine: safety guidance for adults and pregnancyEuropean Food Safety Authority
- 03Pharmacology of CaffeineNational Academies Press via NCBI Bookshelf · 2001